Article
Immigrants’ names as an initial factor of discrimination
January 2021
An experiment with an amateur football team reveals difficulties in social integration for people of foreign origin. When faced with similar profiles, team managers tended towards choosing players with local names.
Article
Presence of foreign footballers and its impact on attitudes to immigration
January 2021
Can football alter opinions on immigration? According to this study, among a club’s followers, when the team wins thanks to foreign players, immigration is perceived more positively.
Article
Predicting international migratory movements using Google searches
December 2020
Google searches for terms such as passport, salary, or social care, as well as the desired destination country, can offer clues regarding tendencies in migratory flows.
call
Social Research Call 2021 (SRC 2021)
December 2020
”la Caixa” Foundation launches an open and competitive call to fund excellent, innovative and socially-oriented research projects.
Article
The presence of immigrants in local politics is well below their demographic weight in Spanish society
December 2020
Do municipal councils in Spain reflect the diversity of origins of the population? We analyse access to local politics for immigrants and whether differences exist between the different foreign groups.
Best practices
CURANT
December 2020
What to do with young, unaccompanied refugees who at the age of 18 have their state tutelage removed? In Belgium, they voted for a comprehensive individualised accompaniment and support from young native people with whom they are co-housed.
Best practices
Neighbourhood Mothers
December 2020
Through the training of immigrant mothers, so that they can act as “neighbourhood mothers”, this action, carried out in Denmark, is successful in transmitting to women from ethnic minorities their rights and obligations in the host country.
Best practices
From Refugees to Citizens
December 2020
“From refugees to citizens” is the slogan for the project of the German city of Altena to facilitate the social integration of refugees and asylum seekers. The distinctive trait of this experience is the leading role played by civil society.
Infodata
Temporary and part-time employment as a percentage of the working population
December 2020
Temporary work contracts are more common among the foreign population: in 2018, some 37.1% of the employed population of foreign origin had temporary contracts and 19.3%, part-time contracts, 13 and 6 points higher, respectively, than the population of native origin.
Best practices
Success for All
December 2020
In the United States, a programme aims to ensure that all students acquire basic language skills, with support measures for families and teachers. Equality in education in order to be abel to opt for the same opportunities for success
Best practices
Intercultural Community Intervention (ICI) project. ”la Caixa” Foundation
December 2020
The ”la Caixa” Foundation’s ICI project is an approach to the ethnocultural diversity of the local community, as well as that contributed by foreign immigration, with the goal of enhancing coexistence and social cohesion.
Review
Understanding immigration to coexist in the future
December 2020
Immigration causes economic, political, and cultural changes in host societies. These two works propose intelligent, innovative, and collaborative solutions to tackle the challenges of immigration.
Interview
“The concept that a job filled by an immigrant takes a job away from a native is wrong”
December 2020
What volume of immigration can the rich countries absorb? Expert Giovanni Peri affirms that not only should low-skilled and low-wage immigrants be admitted but also highly skilled professionals.
Article
Immigration, integration and sustainability of the education system
December 2020
The arrival of foreign pupils at state-owned schools caused the displacement of the children of native families with greater resources towards private schools. What effects does this displacement have on the quality of the public system?
Article
Immigration is revitalising rural Spain
December 2020
In 2019, nearly 10% of residents in Spanish municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants had been born abroad. Is immigration rejuvenating and preserving activity in depopulated areas of Spain?
Report
Analysis of social needs of the inmigrant population
December 2020
The immigrant collective is one of the most vulnerable groups and, if we compare it with native workers, a significant income gap is revealed. In this report we analyse this population segment’s social needs before covid-19.
Dossier
Immigration: challenges and opportunities
December 2020
What challenges and opportunities are posed by immigration? The ninth Dossier from the Social Observatory of ”la Caixa” analyses why this phenomenon is key for the sustainability of depopulated areas in Spain and its impact on the education system.
Infodata
Employment rates of the population (aged 24 to 64)
December 2020
Does being an immigrant influence employability? Judging by the data, yes, and prominently: in 2018, the occupation rate of the foreign population in Spain with higher education was 9.2 points below that of the native population.
Infodata
Median equivalised income of the population aged 20 to 64
December 2020
In 2018, the equivalent median income of individuals born abroad was some 37.8% lower than that of individuals born in Spain. A difference much higher than the EU average, which stands at 7.3%.
Infodata
Proportion of population at risk of poverty or social exclusion
December 2020
In 2018, of every 2 people of foreign origin in Spain, 1 was at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Discover if this exceeds the average of the EU countries.
Infodata
The phenomenon of immigration
December 2020
Did you know that 13.3% of Spain’s population is of foreign origin? Applications for asylum originating from extra-Community countries have multiplied by 12 in the last ten years in Spain.
Infodata
Percentage of the population (aged 25 to 54) with higher education
December 2020
Only 27.7% of the foreign population gains access to higher education in Spain, against 44% of the native population.
Infodata
Young people (aged 15 to 29) who neither study nor work
December 2020
The percentage of “NEETs” (Not in Education, Employment or Training) is much higher in Spain among women of foreign origin than among men (27.8% versus 21.6%).
Infodata
Disproportionate housing costs
December 2020
Some 30.4% of people of foreign origin live in households in which their housing costs exceed 40% of their disposable income.
Infodata
Overcrowding
December 2020
The population of immigrant origin has more probabilities of residing in over-occupied dwellings. Thus, in 2018, some 13.2% of people of foreign origin in Spain were living in overcrowded dwellings.
Infodata
Acquisition of nationality
December 2020
In 2017, Spanish nationality was obtained by 66,498 people, some 1.1% of the total of the immigrant population and a lower percentage than in other countries such as Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France.
Infodata
Perceived health status
December 2020
People of Spanish and foreign nationalities alike have a perception of their health as good or very good, and above the European Union average.
Infodata
Perception regarding immigration
December 2020
In 2017, some 7 out of every 10 Spaniards considered that the integration of immigrants was generally satisfactory, a percentage much higher than the EU average.
Best practices
Fast Track
December 2020
In Sweden, with the collaboration of the Public Employment Service and agents from various employment sectors, newly arrived immigrants are trained to facilitate their rapid inclusion into the labour market.
Article
Imbalances between worked hours and desired hours among the younger population
November 2020
Do we work the number of hours we really want to? The percentage of young people who are experiencing imbalances has increased significantly over the last 10 years, especially among
those who would prefer to work more hours.
Article
Going to work in another city: who is willing to do so and why?
November 2020
Four out of every ten workers in Spain, who have or are seeking a job, would be prepared to go and live somewhere else. Income and the professional career associated with upwards social mobility are the main reasons for interregional mobility.
Article
Who believes fake news in Spain?
November 2020
People who get their news via social media networks give more credit to fake news. This study underlines the difficulty of effectively combating false information.
Article
Does the native population move out of neighbourhoods where immigrants move in?
November 2020
Between 1998 and 2008, the percentage of immigrant population in Spain grew from 3% to 13%. Did this favour the appearance of ghettos? Or was there balance in residential areas between natives and immigrants?
Article
Can algorithms expose tax fraud?
October 2020
Things are becoming increasingly difficult for tax evaders, with the new big data and artificial intelligence techniques that detect hidden wealth, the abuse of aggressive tax engineering and money laundering.
Article
What do we know about the taxes we pay?
October 2020
People have important misperceptions regarding the level of taxes that they pay. Does knowing more change what we think about redistribution?
Article
Why do children from disadvantaged families have a higher risk of developing childhood obesity?
September 2020
¿Does childhood obesity as a result of a disadvantaged family environment exist? This article points towards the fact that, in the face of psychological distress, many children use food as an escape valve, which causes a loss of control over their diet.
Article
Housework and childcare during the lockdown, tasks undertaken mainly by women
September 2020
Despite a slight increase in participation by men, this study shows that housework and childcare represented a heavier workload for women during the lockdown.
Article
How does parents’ education influence internet use by their children?
September 2020
The digital divide reduces equal opportunities for citizens. This article examines the reasons for this based on the analysis of ICT use patterns among Spanish compulsory secondary-school students.
Article
Personal well-being and the use of technology during lockdown
September 2020
Technology has played a key role in us continuing to work and study from home, but also in leisure and communication. We spent, on average, over 9 hours a day in front of screens. Does greater consumption mean more or less wellbeing?
call
Call to support research projects on social inequality (LL2020_5)
September 2020
This call of the Social Observatory of ”la Caixa” aims to support social research projects on inequality and the social pact in Spain.
Article
How can we improve support in Spain for public policies proposing to fight climate change?
September 2020
Climate change is a concern worldwide, but what influences support for climate change policies? According to this study, the determining factor is the perceived effectiveness of each measure.
Article
Is there a motherhood penalty for promotion at work?
July 2020
Are mothers at a disadvantage when being considered for promotion at work? This study shows that they are not, providing that they have not taken options such as flexible or reduced working hours or teleworking.
Article
More female employment than ever, but the gender gap persists
July 2020
The gender gap in employment prior to covid-19 stood at around 16.5%. This article assesses the impact of economic crises and analyses the evolution of female employment between 1980 and 2017.
Article
Employed but poor
July 2020
“In-work poverty” has the greatest impact on women and young people, and this was the case before the covid-19 crisis. This article shows that between 2010 and 2014, the median wage fell by 5.2%.
Article
Work-family balance in the summer, a bad deal for women
July 2020
How do families solve the problem of balancing work and family life when school finishes for the summer? Women bear the brunt in the labour sphere.
Report
The redistributive effects of special taxes
July 2020
The aim of excise duties is to reduce the negative impact on society of specific consumption, such as fuels or tobacco. This report shows that they are regressive in their current design.
Article
Income inequality in Spain: a growing and underestimated problem
July 2020
The increase in economic inequality in recent years in Spain translates into the richest 1% of the population obtaining a higher income than the poorest 50%. What lies behind this concentration of capital?
Article
Are intermediate jobs disappearing? The myth of labour polarisation in Europe
July 2020
Is labour polarisation occurring in Europe? This study, prior to the covid-19 crisis, shows that in Spain, in barely 25 years, employment in higher-quality occupations has almost doubled.
Article
What influences people’s social position most: their family background or their skills?
July 2020
We analyse the relative influence of the family background and the skills of each person on social mobility. Are there differences between the Nordic countries and those in southern Europe such as Italy and Spain?
Article
The asymmetrical impact of the covid-19 crisis on the European labour market
July 2020
The impact of the covid-19 crisis on the labour market is being more pronounced in the Mediterranean countries and is concentrated on workers with low salaries and in precarious jobs, as well as women and younger workers.
call
Call to support survey-based research projects on the impact of covid-19
June 2020
The aim of the call was to support survey-based research that allows data to be obtained on the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on Spanish society.
call
Call to support research projects on the social impact of covid-19
June 2020
The aim of the call was to support survey-based research that allows data to be obtained on the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on Spanish society.
Report
The redistributive effects of wealth tax
June 2020
Does a wealth tax help to reduce inequality when it comes to distributing wealth? This report shows that Spain’s wealth tax displays major shortcomings that limit its collection and redistributive impact.
Article
How is the use and expenditure of public healthcare services distributed?
June 2020
Healthcare spending is unequal: it increases with age and is higher among men than women. Furthermore, 5% of the population is responsible for 50% of total expenditure. We analyse the factors that explain this, within a pre-covid-19 scenario.
Article
Strengths and weaknesses of Spain’s economy with regard to the challenge of digitalisation
June 2020
A lack of investment in innovation, major employment precarity and a lack of refresher training are obstacles for tackling the digitalisation of the Spanish economy. We analyse the causes.
Report
Analysis of social needs of women and men
June 2020
Have we improved in terms of equality between men and women? In this report we analyse five dimensions: economic wellbeing, employment, access to decent housing, education and state of health.
Report
Analysis of social needs of senior citizens
May 2020
Elderly people enjoy greater economic stability but suffer from a worse state of health. We analyse the situation of this population segment prior to the drastic change caused by covid-19.
Report
Analysis of social needs of youth
May 2020
A lack of professional opportunities and labour precarity mean that young people are very vulnerable to economic crises. What were the circumstances of this group prior to covid-19?
Report
Analysis of social needs of children
May 2020
Deprivations during childhood become unequal opportunities in adulthood. Understanding the conditions in which this population segment lived prior to the covid-19 crisis can help to prepare for the future.
Report
The redistributive effects of the system of taxes and transfers in Europe
April 2020
We analyse possible reforms, considered in a pre-covid-19 scenario, for improving the welfare state in Spain and its redistributive capacity in relation to the European average.
Report
The redistributive effects of family policies
April 2020
One of the risks of the pandemic is an increase in child poverty. We analyse the effectiveness of redistributive polices (pre-covid-19) whose aim is to protect vulnerable households with children.
Interview
“To alleviate poverty, there are small investments that can have an enormous impact”
April 2020
Can poverty be eradicated? Michael Kremer, Nobel Prize for Economics 2019, talks to us about new tools for the economy, which enable us to obtain a rigorous estimate of causes and impacts.
Report
The redistributive effects of social benefits and taxes: a review of the current situation
April 2020
The situation in the coming months forces us to reflect on our society's (pre-covid-19) redistributive capacity. Spain is one of the EU countries with the greatest income inequality.
Infodata
Demographic determinants
February 2020
Population changes can occur due to variations in the population caused by natural changes and migratory movements.
Infodata
People at risk of poverty and social exclusion
February 2020
In 2017, one out of every four people was at risk of poverty and social exclusion in Spain, three points higher than the European average(EU-28: 23.5%)
Infodata
Inequality in income distribution
February 2020
Between the years 2007 and 2017, inequality in Spain increased, with a Gini Coeficient (not including social transfers) that has increased in value from 45 to 50
Infodata
Level of economic development
February 2020
The GDP in purchasing power standards allows a more exact comparison of the level of economic development between countries. In 2017, the GDP per inhabitant in Purchasing Power Standards remained at 92% of the European average, unchanged from the previous year
Infodata
Households with very low work intensity and dependent children, greater risk of poverty and social exclusion
February 2020
Some 79.3% of households with children and with very low work intensity were at risk of poverty in 2017. Does this figure exceed the European average?
Dossier
Tackling child poverty
February 2020
To what point do poverty and material deprivation affect the households in which children live? The eighth Dossier from the Social Observatory of ”la Caixa” analyses the relationship between child poverty and its consequences, such as health problems, academic failure and social mobility difficulties.
Article
Social transfers targeting children: the best way to fight child poverty?
February 2020
In Spain barely 3.3% of the total of social transfers in the year 2016 targeted children, against the European average of 9%. However, this study shows that it is the most effective way of eradicating poverty.
Best practices
CaixaProinfancia Programme
February 2020
The CaixaProinfancia programme supports families in a situation of poverty with academic reinforcement, grants for food and hygiene, leisure, psychotherapeutic care and family educational support.
Review
The high price of inequality: lessons on the costs and consequences of child poverty in advanced societies
February 2020
The books reviewed here consider why it is important for everyone, and not just for the most vulnerable, to achieve more egalitarian societies.
Article
The enduring impact of the economic crisis on child poverty
February 2020
Despite the economic recovery, in 2018 three out of every ten children were living in a situation of anchored poverty. Poverty during childhood has consequences throughout life. We analyse its impact.
Infodata
Social exclusion from the labour market
February 2020
The difference in unemployment rates between men and women in our country is larger than the European average. How has it evolved during the recent years of economic crisis?
Article
Applicants and awardees of the ”la Caixa” Grants programme: who are they?
January 2020
The “la Caixa” Banking Foundation grants programme, which funds postgraduate studies, has a major impact on the careers of its beneficiaries. Who applies for these grants and what factors determine to whom they are awarded?
Article
Why are there fewer women in manual occupations?
January 2020
Two out of every three workers in manual occupations are men, and women continue to be a minority in occupations such as construction, and industry. What factors influence segregation by gender in the labour market?
Article
What is the value of domestic work in Spain?
December 2019
Caring for children and dependent elderly people, cooking, cleaning the house… what economic value can we attribute to unpaid domestic tasks? We calculate what this invisible work would represent for Spain’s GDP.
Article
Who is affected by loneliness and social isolation?
December 2019
The most visible face of loneliness is the feeling of not having people to call on or trust in case of need. Who does it affect most? We analyse the influence of factors such as age and gender.
Article
How many people do we know?
November 2019
According to this study, we frequently interact with an average of 536 acquaintances, but the number is different for each person. What factors influence the size of our relationship circles?
call
Call to support a research project on the “brain drain”
November 2019
The call has been open to social research projects that, will help to analyse the net effect of a “brain drain” on scientific activity in the country of origin by using quantitative techniques.
Report
Health
October 2019
This report analyses four challenges relating to health in Spain: improving the population’s health, promoting healthy lifestyle habits, guaranteeing access to healthcare and the viability of services for dependency.
call
Call to support social research projects: vocational training, early school leaving and job insecurity
October 2019
The call has been open to foster research in the social sciences by supporting original research that can shed light on three specific aspects of social reality in Spain: vocational training, early school leaving and job insecurity.
Article
Why do men not use work-family reconciliation measures?
October 2019
According to this study, following new additions to the family only 4% of fathers requested reduced working hours, versus 37.7% of mothers.
Interview
“Diversity makes science better”
October 2019
Elizabeth Rasekoala, President of African Gong, defends the importance of science as a tool for social transformation and talks to us about the need for acquiring basic scientific literacy in order to be able to think critically.
call
Call for a grant to fund a social study project based on a multi-annual survey
October 2019
The call has been open to research projects that, through the conducting of a multi-annual survey over the course of the next four years, contributes a new analysis of a social phenomenon or problem and its evolution over time.
Article
Challenges faced by high culture to attract new audiences in the digital arena
September 2019
Theatre, opera, classical music, dance… Can digital consumption be an opportunity to attract new audiences to so-called high culture?
Report
Strengthening social welfare: from minimum income to basic income
September 2019
Este informe recoge el análisis sobre la situación social en España y sobre la capacidad de las ayudas y subsidios existentes para garantizar unos ingresos mínimos a todos los ciudadanos, con el objetivo de reducir la pobreza y la desigualdad.
call
Invitation to present studies on immigration for the Social Observatory of “la Caixa”
September 2019
The Social Observatory of ”la Caixa” invited researchers interested in disseminating their research work among a non-academic audience to submit their papers (published articles, preprint or working papers) dealing with the subject of immigration.
Article
Does unemployment harm mental health?
September 2019
Stress, depression, insomnia, tension, feeling of uselessness… This article analyses how the mental health of workers was affected by the economic crisis and long-term unemployment.
call
Call for experimental research projects in the social sciences
July 2019
The call has been opened to support research projects in social sciences based on laboratory or field experiments.
Article
The evolution of the economy and the rejection of immigration in Europe
July 2019
Behind rejection of the other, and xenophobia, lie factors such as the country’s macroeconomic evolution, individual economic vulnerability and worker exposure to job competition.
Report
Housing
July 2019
What social challenges does decent housing represent in Spain? This report analyses three challenges in this field: access, conditions and energy needs.
Article
Does science advance one funeral at a time?
July 2019
What happens when a scientist conducting high-level research dies prematurely? This article confirms a proliferation of articles by new researchers, with disruptive ideas, in the field of the deceased person.
Article
Housing system and welfare state. The Spanish case within the European context
July 2019
The welfare system in Spain has never paid great attention to housing. However, it is a key aspect and one that has repercussions in other dimensions such as health and education.
Article
Why are young people unable to access home ownership?
July 2019
Employment precarity is an obstacle to accessing home ownership for young people. Rental, which is more expensive, or family solidarity are the main alternatives for setting up a home.
Infodata
Vulnerability of young people
June 2019
In a young household, what takes up the biggest proportion of income: buying or renting?
Infodata
Severe deprivation rate in relation to housing
June 2019
We analyse the severe deprivation rate in relation to housing matters in Spain. Better or worse than the European Union?
Infodata
Overcrowding
June 2019
Some 5% of the Spanish population were living in overcrowded homes in 2017. For this indicator, Spain outperforms the European average.
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