Individuals in low-income households are increasingly more likely to have no wealth or have debt. Between 2002 and 2017, the share of individuals living in households that had debt increased from 3% to 9%.

Does ethnic discrimination exist in the second-hand market online? This study analyses its presence in transactions between buyers and sellers in Spain.

What factors increase the likelihood of students dropping out? Poor grades are not the only indicator of early drop-out.

According to this study, the most popular form of gambling among teenagers is sports betting, and there is a higher level of online gambling addiction among boys. 

What use are young Spaniards making of mobile phones? This study indicates that 19% are hyperconnected, showing difficulties in controlling the use of this technology.

According to this study, the gender gap in total hours of work, paid and unpaid, has increased to 16 hours during the pandemic.

Using a series of basic indicators and synthetic indicators on social, demographic and economic issues, this section of the Social Observatory of “la Caixa” offers a view in figures of the social reality of Spain within the European and international context.

What is the country’s socioeconomic situation? The Social Observatory of “la Caixa” includes in this section a series of indicators that offer a current-day snapshot of the relationship between the economy and people, analysing aspects such as the composition of households or labour market access in comparison with the societies of peer countries.

Where is education heading? In this section the Social Observatory of “la Caixa” presents a series of indicators are presented that are key to understanding the situation of education in our society. The majority have been built using data from international databases such as the European Social Survey (ESS) or the PISA Report, among others.

Research is a potential driving force for promoting economic growth and social welfare. What is the relative effort in research that different countries make? What economic activities are related to that research? This set of indicators provides an introduction to the history of research and innovation in various countries.

How is our country positioned in cultural questions? Understanding culture in its broadest form, the indicators presented by the Social Observatory of “la Caixa” in this section allow us to interpret how culture is interrelated, within a European context, with today’s social and economic reality.